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EVD first appeared in 1976 in 2 simultaneous outbreaks, one in what is now Nzara, South Sudan, and the other in Yambuku, DRC. The Ebola virus causes an acute, serious illness which is often fatal if untreated. Likewise vaccine prevention and experimental treatment should be offered under the same conditions as for non-pregnant population. Pregnant and breastfeeding women with Ebola should be offered early supportive care.Two monoclonal antibodies (Inmazeb and Ebanga) were approved for the treatment of Zaire ebolavirus (Ebolavirus) infection in adults and children by the US Food and Drug Administration in late 2020. Early supportive care with rehydration, symptomatic treatment improves survival.Vaccines to protect against Ebola have been developed and have been used to help control the spread of Ebola outbreaks in Guinea and in the Democratic Republic of the Congo (DRC).

Good outbreak control relies on applying a package of interventions, namely case management, infection prevention and control practices, surveillance and contact tracing, a good laboratory service, safe and dignified burials and social mobilisation.

Community engagement is key to successfully controlling outbreaks.

Case fatality rates have varied from 25% to 90% in past outbreaks.

The average EVD case fatality rate is around 50%.

The virus is transmitted to people from wild animals and spreads in the human population through human-to-human transmission.Ebola virus disease (EVD), formerly known as Ebola haemorrhagic fever, is a rare but severe, often fatal illness in humans.