This calculation method is called the Infinite Alleles Mutation Model.īecause marker 464 is calculated using the infinite alleles model, even though there are two differences, the calculation only notes that there IS a difference, and counts that difference as having occurred in one step, counting only as 1 in genetic distance.
The multiple mutations shown for those types of multi-copy markers tend to occur in one step, so they are counted as one event for that marker as a whole, no matter how much math difference is found between the values. In fact, marker 464 typically has 4 different values shown, but can have several more. These are known as multi-copy (or palindromic) markers and have more than one value listed for each marker. They’re kind of like a copy machine on steroids. Some markers don’t play nice and tend to mutate more than one step at a time, sometimes creating additional marker locations as well. Therefore, the total genetic distance for these two men, combining both markers and with all of their other markers matching, would be 3. However, if marker 390 mutated from 24 to 26, the difference is 2, because those mutations most likely occurred in two different steps – in other words marker 390 had a mutation two different times, perhaps once in each man’s line. So, if marker 393 has mutated from 12 to 13, the difference is 1, so there is one difference and if that is the only mutation between these two men, the total genetic distance would be 1. In the methodology known as the Step-Wise Mutation Model, each difference is counted as 1 step, because the mutation that caused the difference happened in one mutation event. Genetic distance for Y DNA can be counted in different ways, and Family Tree DNA utilizes a combination of two scientific methods to provide the most accurate results. Looking at the example above, if this is your personal page, then you mismatch with Howard once, and Sam twice, etc. You’ll notice on the Y DNA matches page that the first column says “Genetic Distance.” I wrote about genetic distance as part of a larger article titled “ Concepts – Y DNA Matching and Connecting with your Paternal Ancestor,” but I’m going to excerpt the genetic distance portion of that article here. White the concept is the same, Y DNA and mitochondrial DNA Genetic Distance function a little differently, so let’s look at them separately. In other words, how many mismatches in your DNA compared with that person’s DNA. Genetic distance is how many mutations difference the participant (you) has with that particular match. Many people mistakenly assume that genetic distance is the number of generations to a common ancestor, but that is NOT AT ALL what genetic distance means.
#METES AND BOUNDS AP HUMAN GEOGRAPHY HOW TO#
One of the most common questions I receive is how to interpret genetic distance.
#METES AND BOUNDS AP HUMAN GEOGRAPHY FULL#
At Family Tree DNA, your Y DNA and full sequence mitochondrial matches display a column titled Genetic Distance.
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